Effects of rapeseed oil on body composition and glucolipid metabolism in people with obesity and overweight: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

To investigate the effects of rapeseed oil on body composition, blood glucose and lipid metabolism in people with overweight and obesity compared to other cooking oils. We searched eight databases for randomized controlled studies (including randomized crossover trials). The risk of bias for the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria were used to evaluate the quality of the outcomes. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. Sensitivity analysis was used to check the stability of the pooled results. Statistical analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.3 software. As a result, fifteen randomized controlled studies (including six parallel studies and nine crossover studies) were included in this study. Compared to other edible oils, rapeseed oil significantly reduced low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (MD = -0.14 mmol/L, 95% CI: -0.21, -0.08, I2 = 0%, P < 0.0001), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) (MD = -0.03 g/L, 95% CI: -0.05, -0.01, I2 = 0%, P = 0.0003), ApoB/ApoA1 (MD = -0.02, 95% CI: -0.04, -0.00, I2 = 0%, P = 0.02) and insulin (MD = -12.45 pmol/L, 95% CI: -19.61, -5.29, I2 = 37%, P = 0.0007) levels, and increased fasting glucose (MD = 0.16 mmol/L, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.27, I2 = 27%, P = 0.003) levels. However, the differences in body weight and body composition between rapeseed oil and control oils were not significant. In a word, rapeseed oil is effective in reducing LDL-C, ApoB and ApoB/ApoA1 levels in people with overweight and obesity, which is helpful in preventing and reducing the risk of atherosclerosis. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022333436.

Do dietary supplements prevent loss of muscle mass and strength during muscle disuse? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objective: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess whether dietary supplements can prevent loss of muscle mass and strength during muscle disuse. Methods: We searched the following databases: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL for RCTs assessing the effect of dietary supplements on disuse muscular atrophy without language and time restrictions. Muscle strength and leg lean mass were used as the primary outcome indicators. Muscle cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle fiber type distribution, peak aerobic capacity and muscle volume were used as secondary outcome indicators. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias tool. Heterogeneity was tested using the I2 statistic index. Mean and standard deviation of outcome indicators were extracted from the intervention and control groups to calculate effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals, with the significance level set at P < 0.05. Results: Twenty RCTs were included with a total of 339 subjects. The results showed that dietary supplements had no effect on muscle strength, CSA, muscle fiber type distribution, peak aerobic capacity or muscle volume. But dietary supplements have a protective effect on the lean mass of the legs. Conclusion: Dietary supplements can improve lean leg mass, but did not show a tendency to have an effect on muscle strength, CSA, muscle fiber type distribution, peak aerobic capacity or muscle volume during muscle disuse. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/#recordDetails, identifier: CRD42022370230.

Effects of WB-EMS and protein supplementation on body composition, physical function, metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers in middle-aged and elderly patients with sarcopenic obesity: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: The patients with sarcopenic obesity (SO) have the characteristics of both sarcopenia and obesity, that is, less muscle mass and increased fat mass, and their morbidity, disability and mortality are higher than patients with sarcopenia or obesity alone. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of whole-body electromyostimulation (WB-EMS) training and protein supplementation intervention on body composition, physical function, metabolism and inflammatory biomarkers in middle-aged and elderly patients with SO. METHODS: We searched for randomized controlled trials in seven databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Scopus, SinoMed, and CNKI as of July 3, 2021. The methodological quality of each included study was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS: Eleven randomized controlled studies with a total of 779 participants were included in this meta-analysis. WB-EMS training improved sarcopenia Z-score (MD = -1.52, 95 % CI: -2.27, -0.77, P < 0.0001) and waist circumference (WC) (MD = -1.41, 95 % CI: -2.62, -0.20, P = 0.02), and increased skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) (MD = 1.27, 95 % CI: 0.66,1.88, P < 0.0001) and appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) (MD = 0.68, 95 % CI: 0.08, 1.27, P = 0.03). Protein supplementation intervention reduced body fat rate (BF%) (MD = -1.28, 95 % CI: -1.88, -0.68, P < 0.0001, I2 = 0 %), total body fat (TBF) (MD = -0.98, 95 % CI: -1.65, -0.31, P = 0.004, I2 = 0 %) and trunk body fat mass (TBFM) (MD = -0.50, 95 % CI: -0.94, -0.06, P = 0.03, I2 = 0 %), and increased grip strength (GS) (MD = 1.13, 95 % CI: 0.06, 2.21, P = 0.04, I2 = 0 %). The combination of WB-EMS and protein supplements is beneficial to most body components and physical functions, such as SMI (MD = 1.21, 95 % CI: 0.73, 1.51, P < 0.00001, I2 = 0 %), GS (MD = 1.60, 95 % CI: 0.80, 2.40, P < 0.0001, I2 = 45 %) and walking speed (WS) (MD = 0.04, 95 % CI: 0.02, 0.06, P < 0.0001, I2 = 49 %). Compared with protein supplementation alone, WB-EMS could have an additional beneficial effect on BF% (MD = -0.92, 95 % CI: -1.80, -0.04, P = 0.04) and WC (MD = -1.03, 95 % CI: -1.70, -0.36, P = 0.003). Nevertheless, the addition of protein supplements did not provide any additional benefit compared with WB-EMS alone. In addition, there was almost no positive effect of WB-EMS and protein supplements on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: As things stand, protein supplementation intervention can effectively reduce body fat percentage, fat mass, and increase grip strength in SO patients. Both WB-EMS and protein supplementation intervention had no significant effects on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. WB-EMS combined with protein supplementation intervention was beneficial for SO patients in many ways. Due to the small number of studies, further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of WB-EMS alone or in combination with protein supplementation intervention in SO patients. REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202190096 DOI:10.37766/inplasy2021.9.0096.

Effects of resistance training on body composition and physical function in elderly patients with osteosarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) is a complex disease commonly seen in the elderly. We found that resistance training may improve bone mineral density, skeletal muscle mass, and body fat percentage in patients with OSO. Therefore, resistance training is beneficial for elderly OSO patients and is worth being promoted. PURPOSE: Investigate effects of resistance training on body composition and physical function in elderly osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) patients. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, SinoMed, CNKI, and Wanfang Database were searched from inception until October 13, 2021.Two independent researchers extracted the key information from each eligible study. The methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to evaluate the quality of the outcomes. Sensitivity analysis indicated the stability of the results. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3. RESULTS: Four randomized controlled studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included, with 182 participants. Twelve weeks of resistance training improved bone mineral density (BMD, mean difference (MD) = 0.01 g/cm2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.001, 0.02, P = 0.03, I2 = 0%), skeletal muscle mass (SMM, MD = 1.19 kg, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.89, P = 0.0007, I2 = 0%), Z score, timed chair rise test (TCR), and body fat percentage (BFP, MD = - 1.61%, 95% CI: - 2.94, - 0.28, P = 0.02, I2 = 50%) but did not significantly affect skeletal muscle mass index (SMI, MD = 0.20 kg/m2, 95% CI: - 0.25, 0.64, P = 0.38, I2 = 0%) or gait speed (GS). CONCLUSIONS: Resistance training is a safe and effective intervention that can improve many parameters, including BFP, SMM, and Z score, among OSO patients and is a good option for elderly individuals to improve their physical fitness.

Analysis of the population structure and genetic diversity of the red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) in China using SSR markers

BACKGROUND: Procambarus clarkii produces high-quality, delicious meat that is high in protein, low in fat, and rich in calcium and phosphorus. It has become an important aquatic resource in China. Our objectives are (i) to analyze the level of genetic diversity of P. clarkii populations; (ii) to explore the genetic differentiation (Gst); and (iii) to propose appropriate strategies for the conservation. RESULTS: In this study, Shannon's index (I) and Nei's gene diversity index (H) for P. clarkii were high (I = 0.3462 and H = 0.2325 on average and I = 0.6264, H = 0.4377 at the species level) based on the SSR markers. The expected heterozygosity value of 17 microsatellite loci in 25 crayfish populations was 0.9317, the observed heterozygosity value was 0.9121, and the observed number of alleles per locus was 2.000; and the effective number of alleles per locus was 1.8075. Among the P. clarkii populations, the inbreeding coefficient within populations (Fis) was 0.2315, overall inbreeding coefficient (Fit) was 0.4438, genetic differentiation coefficient among populations (Fst) was 0.3145 and gene differentiation (Gst) was 0.4785 based on SSR analyses. The cluster analysis results obtained by unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) analysis, principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and STRUCTURE analysis were similar. A mantel test showed that the isolation-by-distance pattern was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The high Gst among P. clarkii populations is attributed to genetic drift and geographic isolation. The results indicated that more P. clarkii populations should be collected when formulating conservation and aquaculture strategies.

The feeding of dietary Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide enhances the immune responses, the expression of immune-related genes and the growth performance of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).

Polysaccharides have many functions in aquatic animals and are widely used as immunopotentiators. However, despite the emergence of serious diseases, few studies have explored the effects of Codonopsis pilosula polysaccharide (CPP) on crustaceans. We studied the effects of CPP on the growth performance, nonspecific immunity, antioxidant activity and disease resistance of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Healthy crayfish (5.80 ± 0.1 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0% (control), 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.20%, and 0.30% CPP for 8 weeks. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial, the optimal final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were observed in the crayfish fed the diets with 0.15% and 0.20% CPP, followed by those fed the diet with 0.30% CPP and then those fed the diet with 0.10% CPP, whereas the values of these parameters were obtained with the control crayfish (P < 0.05). The crayfish fed the diets with 0.15% and 0.20% CPP exhibited a significantly higher total hemocyte count (THC) and significantly increased phenoloxidase (PO), lysozyme (LZM), hemocyte (Hc), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) compared with those belonging to the other groups (P < 0.05). The crayfish fed the diets with 0.15% and 0.2% CPP exhibited significantly higher total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, a significantly increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and a significantly lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content compared with the other groups (P < 0.05), which indicated that antioxidant capacity was significantly induced by the CPP-supplemented diets. Significantly upregulated expression of immune-related genes (anti-lipopolysaccharide factors (alf), peroxiredoxin (prx5), cathepsin B (ctsb), mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mtMnsod), cyclophilin A (cypa), glutathione peroxidase (gpx), Toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3), and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70)) was detected in the crayfish fed the diets supplemented with 0.15% and 0.20% CPP diet compared with the levels observed in the control crayfish. These results showed that dietary CPP supplementation greatly improved the growth, immunity and antioxidant capacities of crayfish, and according to the observed results, 0.15%-0.2% is the recommended optimal level of CPP dietary supplementation for crayfish.

Effects of hesperidin on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune responses and disease resistance of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii).

We evaluated the effects of hesperidin on the nonspecific immunity, antioxidant capacity and growth performance of red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). A total of 900 healthy crayfish were randomly divided into six groups: the control group (fed the basal diet) and the HES25, HES50, HES75, HES100 and HES150 groups, which were fed the basal diet supplemented with 25, 50, 75, 100 and 150 mg kg-1 hesperidin, respectively. The feeding experiment lasted 8 weeks. The results indicated that compared with the control group, the crayfish groups supplemented with 50-150 mg kg-1 hesperidin had a decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) and increased final body weight (FBW), specific growth rate (SGR) and weight gain (WG) (P < 0.05). The protein carbonyl content (PCC), reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the hepatopancreas and hemocytes were significantly lower, while the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly higher in the crayfish groups supplemented with 50-150 mg kg-1 hesperidin than in the control group. Supplementation with 50-150 mg kg-1 hesperidin significantly increased the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), lysozyme (LZM), and phenoloxidase (PO) compared with the control group (P < 0.05); upregulated the mRNA expression of cyclophilin A (CypA), extracellular copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (ecCuZnSOD), GPxs, crustin, astacidin, Toll3 and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) (P < 0.05); and decreased crayfish mortality following white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) infection. These findings indicate that dietary hesperidin supplementation at an optimum dose of 50-150 mg kg-1 may effectively improve nonspecific immunity, antioxidant capacity and growth performance in crayfish.

[Efficacy Observation of Chinese Herbal Fumigation Combined Western Drugs for Treating Sys- temic Sclerosis Complicated Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension].

Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal fumigation combined with leflunomide (LEF) and prednisone (Pred) in treatment of systemic sclerosis (SSc) complicated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Methods Totally 99 SSc patients complicated early PAH were randomly assigned to the Western drugs group (WD, 49 cases) and the integrative medicine group (IM, 50 cases). Patients in the WD group took LEF (20 mg) and Pred (15 mg) , once per day. In addition to routine WD program, those in the IM group additionally received Chinese herbal fumigation. All treatment lasted for 6 months. Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) was observed in each group before and after treatment. RP score, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C reactive protein (CRP), pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) , and pulmonary function were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions were evaluated. Results Thirteen cases were lost due to various reasons. A total of 86 patients completed this study, 41 in the WD group and 45 in the IM group. Compared with the same group before treatment, RP score, levels of ESR and CRP all decreased in the two groups after treatment (P <0. 05). Compared with the WM group after treatment, RP score, levels of ESR and CRP were obviously lowered in the IM group after treatment (P < 0. 05). Besides, lowered differences between post-pre-values of ESR, CRP, and PASP were more obviously higher, while elevated differences between post-pre-values of total lung capacity (TLC) and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) were more obviously higher in the IM group (P <0. 05). The total effective rate was 93. 33% (42/45) in the IM group, obviously higher than that in the WD group [70. 73% (29/41) , P <0. 05 ]. There was no statistical difference in total adverse reaction rate between the two groups (x² =0. 019, P =0. 891). Conclusion Chinese herbal fumigation combined with WD had obvious efficacy with less adverse reactions, so it was worth clinical spread.

[Reactive nitrogen loss pathways and their effective factors in paddy field in southern China].

Based on the literature data, the N20 emission, N leaching, N runoff and NH3 volatilization were compared from different rice production regions and their effective factors were evaluated. The results showed that N2 0 emission, N leaching and N runoff in single rice in Yangtze River basin were higher than in other rice production regions, with N loss of 1.89, 6.4 and 10.4 kg N · hm(-2), and N loss rate of 0.8%, 3.8% and 5.3%, respectively. The high N20 emission, N leaching and N runoff in these regions might be attributed to high-rate N application and dry-wet alternation. The NH3 volatilization was the highest in late rice in southern China, with N loss of 54.9 kg N · hm(-2) and N loss rate of 35.2% due to higher temperature at late rice growing stage. In the field, the practice often decreased one reactive N loss but increased another one, indicating that intergated practical management is necessary to reduce reactive N loss. Reactive N loss often increase with increasing grian yield, which is associed with the high-rate N application. The N20 emission, N leaching and N runoff decreased with increasing the partial factor productivity of applied N (PFP). Therefore, reducing N losses per unit of yield is necessary for integrating higher yield with minimum environmental pollution.

[Immunologic theory investigation and discussion of pain caused by lumbar intervertebral disc herniation (LDH)].

To explore the main clinical manifestation (lower back pain and ischialgia) of LDH with immunologic method and study the relationship and clinical significance of the cardinal symptom (pain) and immune comple (IC), macrophage (MP),interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), phosphatidase A2 (PLA2), nitrogen monoxidum (NO) expressing, finding a new way in order to prevention and cure of LDH. We will review immunologic theory of LDH pain.

Orientation Effects in Ballistic High-Strained P-type Si Nanowire FETs.

In order to design and optimize high-sensitivity silicon nanowire-field-effect transistor (SiNW FET) pressure sensors, this paper investigates the effects of channel orientations and the uniaxial stress on the ballistic hole transport properties of a strongly quantized SiNW FET placed near the high stress regions of the pressure sensors. A discrete stress-dependent six-band k.p method is used for subband structure calculation, coupled to a two-dimensional Poisson solver for electrostatics. A semi-classical ballistic FET model is then used to evaluate the ballistic current-voltage characteristics of SiNW FETs with and without strain. Our results presented here indicate that [110] is the optimum orientation for the p-type SiNW FETs and sensors. For the ultra-scaled 2.2 nm square SiNW, due to the limit of strong quantum confinement, the effect of the uniaxial stress on the magnitude of ballistic drive current is too small to be considered, except for the [100] orientation. However, for larger 5 nm square SiNW transistors with various transport orientations, the uniaxial tensile stress obviously alters the ballistic performance, while the uniaxial compressive stress slightly changes the ballistic hole current. Furthermore, the competition of injection velocity and carrier density related to the effective hole masses is found to play a critical role in determining the performance of the nanotransistors.

[Clinical study on effect of total panax notoginseng saponins on immune related inner environment imbalance in rheumatoid arthritis patients].

OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effect and possible mechanism of total panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to observe its safety and influence on RA immune related inner environment. METHODS: Eighty-four patients were randomly assigned to two groups. All were treated with the routine therapy with diclofenac sodium, Leflunomide and prednisone, but for the 43 patients in the treatment group PNS was given additionally. The therapeutic course was 28 days for both groups. Clinical efficacy and change of indexes including platelet counts, immnuoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), complement (C)3, rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP), ceruloplasmin (CER), haptoglobin (HPT), and alpha1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) were observed. RESULTS: Significant improvement of clinical symptoms, including the joint swelling index, joint tenderness index, joint pain index, time of morning stiffness and VAS revealed in both groups after treatment, and the effect in the treatment group was better (P<0.05 or P<0.01). PLT, CER, AAG, HPT, CRP, IgG, IgA, IgM, C3 and RF were lowered in both groups (P<0.01), but the lowering in PLT, CER, AAG and CRP in the treatment group was more significant than that in the control group respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: PNS can significantly improve the condition of patients, enhance the therapeutic effect in treating RA, through regulating the disordered immunity and improving the effect of anti-inflammatory and analgesia.